Integration of distributed energy resources with electrical grid systems

A new era has begun in Turkey's climate policy with the adoption of a net zero emission target by 2053 within the scope of the Paris Climate Agreement, which aims to limit the increase in global average surface temperature against climate change to 2 degrees Celsius and, if possible, to keep it below 1.5 degrees Celsius and, in this direction, to zero greenhouse gas emissions by the middle of this century. The energy sector, which causes the greatest impact on climate change, has become a priority issue to phase out fossil fuels and to invest all public resources in renewable energy investments, especially solar and wind, to carry out the necessary infrastructure works for this, and to make a fair transformation plans to cover all segments. In this global transformation, our country enacted the legislation on distributed generation facilities, which are climate-friendly clean inexhaustible energy sources, in 2014 and until today, distributed generation facilities have gained rapid momentum and play an important role in energy production and related investments continue. Existing electricity distribution networks are not designed to integrate the diversity of energy generation sources and the power flow is unidirectional in the design of distribution networks. With the introduction of distributed generation facilities, our existing grids are moving towards a completely different structure. With the increasing number of distributed generations, the integration of generation in the distribution system may have significant impacts on the existing grid. Therefore, this thesis examines the effects of distributed generation facilities on the existing grid. As a result of these analyzes, it is seen that the location of the connection and the hosting capacity of the grid are the most important factors when connecting distributed generation facilities to the system. In the connections made by taking into account the generation consumption balance, it is seen that the distributed generation facility has a positive effect on the operation of the voltage at nominal operating limits and there is no need for additional investments due to voltage drops, and since the energy produced is consumed in place, the total technical losses of the network decreased from 0.48 MW to 0.44 MW after DER and had a positive effect on the reduction of system losses. However, it was observed that the connections made without taking into account the generation consumption balance and the hosting capacity of the line caused a negative impact on power quality parameters. In particular, it was observed that the voltage increased from 31.5 kV, which is the nominal operating limit, to 31.9 kV after the DC connections and that it operated above the nominal operating voltage, contributed 14-21% to both busbar three-phase short circuit current and busbar three-phase short circuit power, the stability of the network deteriorated, and as a result of these negativities, the wear and tear of the materials and equipment used in the system and the material lifespan decreased. As a result of the analysis, it was concluded that the energy storage facility has a positive contribution in reducing these negative effects caused by capacity.