Research of the agmatine's neuroprotective effects in experimental spinal cord injury model

Medulla Spinalis injury has incidentally high rate, and therewithal it's diagnose on young population leaves adverse effects on the public. It is a problem that deeply affects the public as physical, psychosocial, and economical. In Spinal Cord injury incident, there is two separate mechanism that harms the Spinal Cord as primer damages and the seconder damages. Primer damages are the wounds which formed at the trauma trice. And, seconder damages are the injuries that started by primer damages which by developed with metabolic and biochemical reasons in first a couple of hours afterwards the actual trauma. Aim of the preventing seconder injuries on Spinal Cord injuries are: Glutamatergic, Colinergic and Catecolinergic Neurotransmission systems, reproduction of free radicals, Lipid Peroxidation, Calcium and the other ion channels, growth factors, Neurotrophic factors, Inflammation process, Endogenous Opioid receptors, enzymes, Apoptotic cell death and regeneration mechanisms. It is a known fact that Lipid Peroxidation products are escalates right after the taken damage. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the basic extermination product of the Lipid Peroxidation in central nervous system. It's consists of Polyunsaturated free fatty acids exterminate, and, it's also utilizes as a favorable indicator for measuring the Lipid Peroxidation's extents. Minimum rate activities of SOD, Cathalase and Glutathione Peroxidase on SSS, causes the inclined free radical damage. Superoxide's are catalyzed by SOD in the aerobic creatures.With the reason of the SOD enzymes high rate of catalytic effect, there could be no Superoxide deposition occurs in the cells. It found that escalate of NMDA receptor activity in traumatic Spinal Cord injury takes major roles in intracellular Ca+2 increase, and furthermore mechanisms with the late seconder damage. Increase of Cytosolic Ca+2 concentration is known as a mutual way for multiple cell types decease. Past studies shown that blockage of the NMDA receptor has protecting benefits on seconder damages in traumatic and the ischemic models. In this study, I experimented to collect data from selective NMDA receptor antagonist Agmatine's ?that utilizes to prevent seconder damages? healing process on Histopathological and motor functions. With this intention, 40 Wistar Albino type of male rats used in 4 different group by 10 rats each as: - First group, which with only practiced laminectomy without any surgical process. - Second group, which medically untreated and aneurysm clip used on they're Spinal Cord after the laminectomy practice. - Third group, which aneurysm clip used on they're Spinal Cord after the laminectomy practice and then treated with Agmatine as 50mg/kg dosage. - Fourth group, which aneurysm clip used on they're Spinal Cord after the laminectomy practice and then treated with Agmatine as 100mg/kg dosage. These subjects are examined 14 days. After the 14th day, Spinal Cord examples are collected to study on electron microscope. Subjects functional healing process' evaluated in 1th, 7th and 14th days afterwards. In evaluation results, we explored that: Second, medically untreated groups MDA rates significantly escalated according to control group; in the other hand, 3th and 4th treated groups MDA rates are significantly decreased according to second, medically untreated group. SOD rate is significantly dropped in 2nd medically untreated group when its compared to other three groups SOD levels. When the 4th 100mg/kg Agmatine treated groups SOD level compared with the medically untreated 2nd group and 3th 50mg/kg Agmatine treated groups, we found that its SOD level is significantly escalated. In the examining process, treated groups inclined plane degrees were statistically and significantly higher then the medically untreated 2nd group at the first and second weeks. However, 3th and 4th of trauma practiced and then medical treat given groups inclined plane test results were escalated after the first week. 4th 100mg/kg Agmantine treated groups first weeks of motor function scores were statistically and significantly higher than the 2nd medically untreated group. In second week, 3th and 4th medically treated groups motor function scores were statistically and significantly higher than the 2nd medically untreated group. The trauma practiced and then medical treat given 3th and 4th groups motor function scores were escalated after the first week. In histopathological study, founded that Agmatine treated groups had edema and haemorrhagic areas in they're grey and white matters according to 2nd medically untreated trauma group, which; it's examined that these varieties were seen only on these groups and they are reduced largely in the other study groups. Cell level structures were protected and less degenerative differences shown. As a result: SOD enzyme ?which is a preservative element for reactive oxygen products? levels were increased and MDA levels were decreased ?which, it is one of the Lipid Peroxidation's important indicator? in medically treated groups. When the clinic motor function valuations statistic results add, which it's held by using the inclined plane test and Drummond-Moore criterias, it turns out that Agmatine can be a neuroprotective agent, and its implied that it could be take a place in the treat protocols... Yet, new clinic studies are needed to bring out Agmatine's whole effect. Keywords : Agmatine, Spinal cord injury, Superoxide dismutase