Prevalence of dental anomalies according to craniofacial structures in non-syndromic patients treated at Dicle University Dentistry Faculty department of orthodontics

Aim: The aim of this study is to retrospectively evaluate digital panoramic radiographs and to examine the frequency and distribution of dental anomalies according to skeletal structures, gender and jaws. Material and Methods: Digital panoramic radiographs, photographs and case reports of a total of 906 (306 Class I, 300 Class II, 300 Class III) patients, aged 8-18 years, who applied to Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Orthodontics for orthodontic treatment between 2010-2022 were evaluated retrospectively in our study. All dental anomalies (hypodontia, hyperdontia, impacted teeth, transposition) were grouped according to the patient's gender, skeletal anomaly and jaw location. Third molars were not included in the study. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: While no dental anomalies were detected in 740 patients (81.7%), one or more dental anomalies were detected in 166 patients (18.3%). When the dental anomaly frequency is evaluated, hypodontia frequency was 10.6%, hyperdontia frequency 3.97%, impacted tooth frequency 13.36%, transposition frequency was 0.55%. When the prevalence of dental anomaly is evaluated, the prevalence of hypodontia was 5.63%, the prevalence of hypodontia was 2.76%, the prevalence of impacted teeth was 10.6% and the prevalence of transposition was 0.55%. There was no statistically significant relationship between dental anomalies and genders (p>0.05). While there was a statistically significant relationship was found in the distribution of number anomalies according to skeletal groups (p<0.05). Considering the skeletal groups, dental anomalies were seen mostly in Class I group and least in Class II group. Dental anomalies were statistically significantly higher in maxilla than mandible (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant relationship between impacted teeth and hypodontia anomalies and jaws (p<0.05). The most commonly observed absence teeth were maxillar laterals and mandibular second premolars. The most commonly observed supernumerary teeth were maxillar laterals and mesiodens. The most commonly observed impacted teeth were maxillar canines and maxillar central incisors. The most commonly observed transposed teeth were maxillar canines and maxillar first premolars. Conclusion: Dental anomalies are of great importance to patients. They cause functional, occlusal and aesthetic problems that may impair oral health. In order to prevent these situations, it is important to know the prevalence of dental anomalies in the community, their relationship with skeletal structures and their manifestations. Keywords: Dental anomaly, hypodontia, hyperdontia, impacted teeth, transposition, gender, skeletal group, jaw