The effect of appli̇cati̇on of combi̇ned alloplasti̇c deri̇ved tri̇calci̇um phosphate bone graft bone graft and haemostati̇c plant extract (ABS) on bone regenerati̇on di̇abeti̇c and nondi̇abeti̇c rats wi̇th surgi̇cally created bone defects

Resorption in the alveolar bones supporting the natural teeth and inflammation in the tissue in the development of periodontal disease may result in changes in bone morphology. For this reason, the deformities from the bifurcation must be repaired with bone grafts. For this purpose, it is aimed to accelerate osteogenesis using different methods besides applying different graft materials. Despite the presence of microbial dental plaque as the primary agent in periodontal disease, it has been accepted that existing systemic diseases in individuals increase the risk of periodontal disease by affecting the severity and prognosis of the disease. Among these systemic diseases, diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common in the society. In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of late effects of bone regeneration in nondiabetic and diabetic rats using ABS and β-TCP, which are active in bone wound healing. In our study, 128 Wistar Albino male rats were used. A bone defect of 7 mm in diameter was formed in the calvarial of the rats. The rats were divided into two main groups as diabetic and nondiabetic. These two groups are divided into 4 different subgroups. The nondiabetic group 1a was left empty and the mixture of group 1b, 0.125 cc β-TCP graft, group 1c, 0.125 cc ABS, group 1d, 0.125 cc (β-TCP + ABS) was applied. The diabetic group 2a was left empty and the mixture of group 2b, 0.125 cc β-TCP graft, group 2c, 0.125 cc ABS, group 2d, 0.125 cc (β-TCP + ABS) was applied. 8 rats from each group were sacrificed on day 28 and the remaining 8 rats were sacrificed on day 56. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and radiological (DEXA) analyzes of the obtained samples were performed. As a result of histopathological analysis; On the 28th day, in the level of osteoblastic activity of β-TCP, ABS and (β-TCP + ABS) were a statistically significant increase compared to the control group in nondiabetic rats (p˂0,05). On the 28th day, in the level of inflammatory cell infiltration of β-TCP, ABS and (β-TCP + ABS) were a statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in nondiabetic rats (p˂0,05). On the 28th day, in the level vascular dilatation and hemorrhagic of β-TCP, ABS and (β-TCP + ABS) were a statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in nondiabetic rats (p˂0,05). On the 28th day, in the level of the new bone formation of β-TCP, ABS and (β-TCP + ABS) were a statistically significant increase compared to control group in nondiabetic rats (p˂0,05). As a result of histopathological analysis; On the 56th day, in the level of osteoblastic activity of β-TCP and (β-TCP + ABS) were a statistically significant difference compared to the control group in nondiabetic rats (p˂0,05). On day 56, in the level of inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular dilatation and hemorrhage of β-TCP and (β-TCP + ABS) were a statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in nondiabetic rats (p˂0,05). On the 56th day, in the level of the new bone formation of β-TCP, ABS and (β-TCP + ABS) were a statistically significant difference increase in the group compared to the control group in nondiabetic rats (p˂0,05). As a result of histopathological analysis; On the 28th day, in the level of osteoblastic activity of β-TCP and (β-TCP + ABS) were a statistically significant difference compared to the control group in diabetic rats (p˂0,05). On the 28th day, in the level of inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular dilatation and hemorrhage of β-TCP, ABS and (β-TCP + ABS) were a statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in diabetic rats (p˂0,05). On the 28th day, in the level of the new bone formation of β-TCP and β-TCP + ABS were significantly higher than the control group in diabetic rats (p˂0,05). As a result of histopathological analysis; On the 56th day, in the level of osteoblastic activity of β-TCP, ABS and β-TCP + ABS were significantly higher than the control group in diabetic rats (p˂0,05). On day 56, in the level of inflammatory cell infiltration and vascular dilatation and hemorrhage of β-TCP and (β-TCP + ABS) groups were a statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in diabetic rats (p˂0,05). On the 56th day, in the level of the new bone formation of β-TCP, ABS and (β-TCP + ABS) groups were a statistically significant difference compared to the control group in diabetic rats (p˂0,05). In the biochemical analysis, On the 28th day, western blotting showed a significant increase in osteonectin and osteopontin expression of β-TCP and β-TCP + ABS groups in nondiabetic rats. In diabetic rats; Osteonectin expression was increased in the β-TCP + ABS group on 28th and 56th day and osteopontin expression was significantly increased in the β-TCP + ABS group on 28th day. On the radiological analysis, on the 28th day, KMM values of β-TCP and (β-TCP + ABS) groups were found to be significantly higher than control group in nondiabetic rats (p˂0,05). On the 28th and 56th days, On the 28th and 56th days, there was no statistically significant difference between KMY values in nondiabetic rats (p˃0,05). On the 28th day, KMM values of β-TCP, ABS and (β-TCP + ABS) groups were found to be statistically significantly higher than control group in diabetic rats (p˂0,05). On the 28th and 56th days, there was no statistically significant difference between KMY values in diabetic rats (p˃0,05). As a result, we believe that the use of ABS together with a bone graft will lead to more successful results in cases where full bone regeneration is desired despite the positive effects of wound healing and new bone formation in both diabetic and nondiabetic groups.