Investigation of some toxic elements (As, Pb, Hg, Cd) in wastewaters of Diyarbakır

This study aims to determine the concentrations of toxic elements such as Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), and Cadmium (Cd) in the Tigris River in Diyarbakır province and to examine their potential environmental and human health impacts. Additionally, it develops suggestions for understanding the effects of these elements on regional water pollution and their pathways of spread. The research is based on the analysis of the concentrations of Arsenic, Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium in water and sediment samples taken from specific areas of the Tigris River. Sample analyses were conducted in solid and liquid fuel units using the Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) device. The obtained data were evaluated by comparing them with limit values and statistical analyses were applied. At the wastewater entry point, the concentration of As was found to be above the limit values, while the concentrations of other metals were detected below the limit values. After treatment, the concentrations of all metals remained well below the limit values. Arsenic accumulation was observed in the waste sludge, and it was determined that it could pose environmental risks. The metal concentrations in the river generally remained below the limit values. This study highlights that wastewater pollution in the Tigris River is a significant issue, and especially the accumulation of Arsenic should be closely monitored. Although wastewater treatment plants were found to be effective in metal removal, sludge disposal and river pollution monitoring are crucial for sustainable long-term solutions.