Researches on selection of wild pear (pyrus elaeagnifolia) grown in Diyarbakir and its surroundings

This study was carried out between the years 2019-2021 in order to determine the promising ones in terms of breeding among the wild pear (Pyrus elaeagrifolia Pall.) population naturally distributed in Diyarbakır province. 76 genotypes that stand out according to some selection criteria such as fruit size, yield, healthy tree structure were marked, and their phenological, morphological, pomological and some chemical characteristics were evaluated. Considering the average values of the genotypes, the weighted grading method was applied and 10 genotypes were selected as promising. Some biochemical analyzes were made on the selected genotypes and kinship relationships were determined at the molecular level. Bud bursting in March, bud burst, initiation of flowering and full bloom in March-April, and harvest in September, October and November in 76 the wild pear genotypes. Two-year average fruit weight of the marked pear genotypes is 12.41-45.71 g, fruit length is 22.50-48.68 mm, fruit width is 25.05-44.27 mm, fruit shape index is 0.78 to 1.27, seed weight is 0.29-2.66 g, number of seeds is 2.30-7.50, The core lengths were 7.46-10.82 mm, the core width was 3.29-5.23 mm, the fruit firmness was between 1.12 and 7.46 kg/cm2, the pH values varied between 3.23-4.95 and the fruit acidity values between 0.81-3.81%. Sensory analyzes were made on genotypes, and fruit skin and fruit flesh color values were determined. The total amount of phenolic substance in the hope genotypes was determined as 67.82-133.82 mg GAE/100 g (21ÇRM01-21ERG11) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAK) amount was determined as 0.70-2.07 mmol TR⁄100 g. As a result of molecular studies with ISSR method, 115 bands were obtained and 91 bands showed polymorphic. In the dendrogram, which gives molecular differences, 2 main and 7 subgroups were formed. Among the genotypes, the most distant genotype was 21SLV15 with a similarity ratio of 0.69, while the closest genotypes were 21ÇRM01 and 21ÇRM11.