Quality and antioksidant properties of grape varieties cultivated in the province of Diyarbakır master thesis

This study was conducted to determine phenological development, yield, cluster, berry and grape juice, berry skin, pulp, and total phenolic compounds and flavonoid content in the seed of the red wine grape varieties such as Tannat, Cabernet Sauvigon, Malbec, Merlot and Shiraz in Diyarbakir ecological conditions. According to results of this study, it was found differences amoung grape varieties for dates of phenological development. Phenological characters taken place in April 10 -20 for bud-burst, June 1 ? 6 for full blooming, 7-11 September for Maturity, 2 - 8 August for veraison. Cluster weight varied between 75.84 g for Cabernet Sauvignon and 167.55 g for Malbec. Malbec variety had the highest cluster diameter of 5.16 cm and 5.73 cm in 2011 and 2012, respectively. 100 berries weight varied between 106.49 g (Tannat) - 148.71 g (Malbec), and 9.51 mm -10.66 mm for berry diameter and 9.84 mm -11.51 mm for berry lenght. The highest values for berry size were obtained from Malbec variety in 2011 and 2012 (125.63 and 120.62, respectively), while Cabernet Sauvignon had the lowest values in each year (91.25 and 96.71, respectively). As amounts of phenolic compounds in different parts of the grape varieties, the highest values for berry skin were determined in Cabernet Sauvignon (300.58 mg GAE / mL), in Malbec for pulp (974.23 mg GAE / mL), in Merlot for seed (447.01 mg GAE / mL). The total flavonoid content in skin, pulp and seeds of varieties varied between 46.95 µgQUE/mg and 148.01 µgQUE/mg. Key words: Diyarbakir, wine grapes, phenolic, flavonoid, cluster, berry