Identification of nabis species (Hemiptera: Nabidae) in cotton production areas of Diyarbakir, Mardin and Şanliurfa provinces and biological characteristics of important species and toxic effects of some pesticides under laboratory conditions

Cotton, which has a worldwide economic value is an important industrial culture plant used in the textile and oil industry and animal husbandry. Nabis species were detected in cotton production areas in Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır and Mardin provinces in the Southeastern Anatolia Region in 2021 and 2022. Nabis pseudoferus orientarius was determined as the common species between these species. Biological activity studies were carried out in two trial areas in Diyarbakır (Gencan and Belenli villages) under field conditions. Acetamiprid on the 3rd and 7th day and Emamectin benzoate on the 10th day showed the highest percentage effect value. In the study was determined as hereditary reproductive ability (r) 9.15, limit of increase rate (λ)1.10, net reproductive rate (R0) 193.13, and average generation time (T) 57.50. Age-specific vital rate (lx) 4.35, age and period-specific vital rate (Sxj) 80.30 and age-specific reproductive rate (mx) 14 was calculated as. The average egg opening time (9.83 days), the average pre-adult development time (15.72 days) and the average adult life span was (62.6 days) of N. pseudoferus orientarius were determined in the studies carried out under laboratory conditions. The mean preoviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods of N. pseudoferus orientarius were 9 days, 58.3 days and 4.8 days, respectively. One female laid an average of 446.1 (267-576) eggs during her lifetime. In the side effect studies of insecticides carried out in the laboratory environment showed a %100 effect of application doses of dimethoate, emamectin benzoate and acetamiprid in direct application to adults and nymphs. While dimethoate was found to be %100 effective emamectin benzoate and acetamiprid was found to be %30-90 according to the food and film residue method. The application doses of chlorantraniliprole, sulfoxaflor and a hextyhiazox showed low effect on nymphs and adults of N. pseudoferus orientarius 72 hours after the application in terms of percentage effect, the effect on productivity and number and a lifetime of adults were found to be harmless or less harmful in film residue, food and insect applications.