Analysis of major reliefs on Diyarbakır walls by Panofsky's iconographic analysis method

The Diyarbakır Walls, which create social and cultural memory, are an example of multiculturalism with their reliefs that bear the traces of many civilizations. Analyzing the meanings carried by these reliefs from an iconographic perspective is possible through the use of scientific, systematic, and widely accepted methods in the field of art education. By applying Panofsky's iconographic analysis method, which provides a more accurate understanding of the connection between form and meaning, a healthier interpretation of the reliefs on the Diyarbakır Walls can be achieved. Through this approach, the goal is to contribute to recognition, awareness, and the formation of a consciousness for preservation. In this research, which examines certain figurative reliefs on the Diyarbakır Walls from an iconographic perspective specifically those that possess iconographic features, represent the civilization of their time, and whose composition and narrative can be identified—a qualitative research method has been preferred. A literature review has been conducted, the walls have been visited for observation, and the reliefs have been photographed on-site and documented. While investigating the meanings carried by these reliefs with the obtained data, descriptive research, phenomenological, ethnographic, and historical analysis patterns have been utilized, and the analysis has been conducted according to Panofsky's iconographic interpretation method. Each relief, bearing meanings unique to the era in which it was created, serves as a symbol of the dominance of civilizations that once ruled Diyarbakır. The coexistence and sometimes superimposition of these civilizations' cultural forms have shaped a rich mosaic of cultures. This research has demonstrated that the Diyarbakır Walls and the reliefs on them require more extensive studies and conservation efforts. Keywords: Diyarbakır Walls, Panofsky, Relief, Cultural Heritage, İconography.