EFL teachers' sense of efficacy for literacy instruction during COVID-19 in Turkey

This study aims to investigate the self-efficacy beliefs of teachers of EFL teaching students in 2nd grade for literacy instruction in Turkey during the Covid-19 pandemic. The current study applies a mixed-method research design. The quantitative data is collected from 103 2nd grade EFL teachers during the 2020-2021 academic year both online and in person by using the Teachers' Sense of Self-efficacy for Literacy Instruction Scale (TSELI) created by Tschannen-Moran and Johnson (2011). According to the results of the survey, a semi-structured interview was held to gather qualitative data with 6 participants. The qualitative data analysis was carried out using ATLAS.ti to create codes and for content analysis. The quantitative results achieved in this study show that the gender of the teachers, the type and district of the schools are affecting factors of teachers' self-efficacy beliefs for literacy instruction. On the other hand, the age and education level, graduated faculty, and in-service time of teachers were found not related to their self-efficacy beliefs for literacy instruction. The qualitative results indicated a total of 24 factors affecting EFL teachers' self-efficacy beliefs for literacy instruction in general. It was also observed that teachers expressed 14 factors affecting their self-efficacy beliefs for literacy instruction during Covid-19. Two factors, Covid Adaptation to Online Teaching and Constant Switch Teaching Modality, were observed to be unique to the Covid-19 pandemic period. Keywords: Self-efficacy, Literacy Instruction, Covid-19