The scientific debates from El Kisai and the knowledgeable persons from his period of time

Arabic has an important place among the living languages of the world; it conveys an ancient culture and civilization, it is the official language of many states and countries in history and today, and it is the language of the main sources of Islam. The Arabs interacted with people of other languages and cultures with the conquests. This situation caused the Arabic language to deteriorate. For this reason, language studies began in Basra towards the end of the first century of the Hijra, and in Kufa a century later. Scientific debates, influenced by politics, took place between these two schools. The most famous of these debates, which contributed to the maturation of the science of grammar, was the debate known as the "Zanburiyya Issue", between Sibawayhi and al-Kisa'i, the founder of the Kufa language school. Al-Kisa'i's life, teachers, students, works and debates have an important place in the history of Nahiv. This study examines the debates between al-Kisa'i and other scholars on the subject of language; the reasons for language studies and the emergence of the science of Nahiv are examined. In the first section, the characteristics of the language schools of Basra, Kufa, Baghdad, Andalusia and Egypt and their leading scholars are briefly mentioned. In the second section, al-Kisa'i's life, scientific personality, teachers, students, morality and works are included. In the third section, al-Kisa'i's scientific debates with some scholars of his time are divided into three sections: Nahiv (syntax), Sarf (grammar) and Lugat (vocabulary). A total of twenty-six debates, fifteen on Nahiv, eight on Sarf and three on Lugat, have been identified and examined by referring to primary sources. After determining the parties, place and subject of each debate, basic information about that subject was given for a good understanding of the debate. After writing the debate in the form of a dialogue as it is stated in the sources, evaluations were made. It was understood that important subjects related to Arabic language grammar such as İrab, Amel-Amil, Harf-i Atıf, Harf-i Cer, Te'kîd, Hal, İnne, Zamir in the science of grammar; Maksur-Memdud, Vezin-Mevzun, Hamzenin Tahfifi, İsm-i Mensub, İsm-i Tasğir, Emir, Nakıs-Sahih in the science of sarf were discussed at an early period. It is expected that the study will contribute to the field of Arabic language grammar history.