The history of Synnada in the light of epigraphic, numismatic and literature documents

Although it has been proven by archaeological data that the subject of research, Synnada, has been inhabited by human communities since the earliest known periods of history. The city's initial appearance on the history scene dates back to the beginning of the Hellenistic Period. Although the general opinion reflects that the foundation of the city took place during the Battle of Ipsos (302 B. C.), albeit at a primitive level, it is understood that it started before that date, when the general of Antigonos, who was in charge of protecting the royal treasury, established a garrison in the city by Dokimos. However, the official documentation of the Hellenized city with its police character goes back to the expedition of the Roman consul Cn. Manlius to the Galatians in 189 B. C. The city has been the focal point of the struggle between the Kingdom of Pergamon and the Galatians for a long time. After Rome inherited the kingdom lands of the Pergamon and established the Asia State in 129 B. C., it began to Romanize rapidly and became a part of the administrative jurisdiction of the new sovereign power. The city, where various ethnic elements lived together, was minted by coins named Kistophoros during the period of the Kingdom of Pergamon (160-150 B. C.) registered as a city of Greek origin. In the process of Pax Romana, which started with Augustus, the city developed as much as possible thanks to the rapid development of the marble industry, due to its location at the intersection of important road routes and hosting administrative offices of the marble quarries. And in parallel to this, as a result of this, it became one of the most important conventus centers in Asia Minor with the rapid Romanization of the population. In the city, the existence of a military unit assigned to protect the emperor's property and its marble quarries, has been documented. The city was able to preserve the Hellen state organization even during the Roman Empire Period. Despite the Roman Gods, who entered the city pantheon throughout the Roman Empire, and the change in socio-cultural life, the stubborn adherence to the traditions of the conservative local people (Phrygians) caused the local population to continue their old religious habits for a long time. In the first quarter of the 4th century (313 A. D.), the Edict of Milan, which declared that pagans and Christians could easily fulfill the requirements of their beliefs, became a turning point between pagan beliefs and people with monotheism. Consequently, the region where the city was located, has quickly continued its process of Christianization. Synnada was divided into two parts after the administrative division of Phrygia by Diocletianus, after which The city became the capital of Phrygia Salutaris, called Phrygia II. With the spreading of Christianity in the Byzantine Empire Period, it was observed that the city was then an episcopal center. In the future, the name of the city would be referred to as Çıfut Kasaba by Jewish residents. In this study conducted within the scope of the doctoral dissertation, all kinds of scattered documents about the city have been identified and then compiled under a corpus. Despite the large size of the city, which is fixed with documentations, the fact that no comprehensive archaeological excavation has been carried out to this day constitutes the missing part of Synnada's history. Keywords: Phrygia, Synnada, Şuhut, Greek and Latin Inscriptions, Coins of Synnada, Zeus Pandemos