Commercial activities in the ancient city of Carthage

The research aims to examine the historical geography of the Mediterranean and the commercial activities of Carthage in the Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean is a region where numerous civilizations have interacted both geologically and culturally. Therefore, it has historically been a center of trade, intercultural exchange, and technological advancements. With the contributions of maritime civilizations like the Phoenicians, trade routes in the Mediterranean created significant economic potential. In this context, the first part of the study discusses how trade in the region was shaped and how it directed cultural interaction by addressing elements such as the trade network, import and export goods, and types of ships used during the period from the founding to the fall of Carthage. The findings of the study comprehensively reveal Carthage's strategic position in Mediterranean trade and its impact on economic growth. Carthage's geographical advantages and the efficient utilization of its port infrastructure enabled it to establish dominance in both maritime and overland trade. In maritime trade, the colonies in the Western Mediterranean and connections with civilizations in the Eastern Mediterranean enhanced the city's commercial strength, while in overland trade, the marketing of valuable resources brought from the southern Sahara transformed Carthage into an intercontinental trade hub. Moreover, the organized port system and technological innovations in shipbuilding ensured the continuity and security of trade, supporting Carthage's economic diversification. Carthage's trade policies, diplomatic relations, and colonization strategies played a critical role in expanding the city's economic and political influence. Alliances with local tribes and the integration of colonies in the Mediterranean were vital for ensuring the security of trade routes and the steady flow of resources. The production of high-value goods and essential commodities not only reinforced the city's economic independence but also established its reputation as a hub of luxury consumption in foreign markets. However, competition over the control of trade routes led to military conflicts with Roman and Greek civilizations, ultimately resulting in Carthage's loss of regional dominance. All these findings reveal the decisive impact of Carthage's economic and strategic activities on the dynamics of Mediterranean trade.