Evaluation of the effects of the ketogenic diet on gastrointestinal symptoms and food craving in healthy individuals: A cross-sectional study

The ketogenic diet (KD), characterized by high-fat and low-carbohydrate intake, has become increasingly popular for its potential health benefits. This study aims to evaluate the effects of KD on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and food cravings in healthy individuals. A total of 52 participants, aged 18-65, were observed over a period ranging from 1 to 28 weeks. Participants' GI symptoms and food cravings were assessed using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait (FCQ-T), respectively, at baseline and weekly intervals. The results indicated significant reductions in several GI symptoms, including reflux, abdominal pain, and indigestion, by the end of the study (p < 0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in diarrhea and constipation. Regarding food cravings, there were reductions in many subdimensions of food cravings, although some symptoms showed no change (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the ketogenic diet may alleviate certain GI symptoms and reduce the intensity of food cravings in healthy individuals, potentially contributing to better adherence and overall well-being. Further research is warranted to explore the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of KD on GI health and eating behaviors.