Evaluation of temperature occurrence during preparation of different brand implant abutments

Osseointegrated implants due to improved technology, is an acceptable and successful treatment option for partially and fully edentulous patients. Implant abutments needs to be prepared to arrange the margins, adjust the occlusal height or to prepare a retention groove. The temperature increase in alveolar bone according to the heat formed due to friction during the preparations affects the osseointegration negatively. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the temperature occurrence on the implant surface during preparation of the abutments of different brands that has different geometries. Total of 40 implants (Straumann Bone Level, Straumann Standart Plus, Astra, Zimmer) embedded in an acrylic resin block with one surface exposed. After the abutments were torqued according to the instructions, each brand was separated into two subgroups each including cooling with water irrigation and dry preparation. Abutments in dry preparation groups reduced 1,5 mm occlusally with diamond burs while the same process was performed under water cooling for water irrigated group. Temperature increases during the occlusal reduction were recorded with the thermal camera (FLIR T640) placed across the experimental setup. The changes in the temperature values were calculated for coronal, middle and apical 1/3 of each implants at 0, 5, 15 and 30 seconds. All data were statistically evaluated with Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U and Ki-Square tests (p<0.05). At the end of the occlusal reduction, the most increased temperature change values at coronal, middle and occlusal mid-portions were calculated in the Straumann Standart Plus implants in the water irrigated group (2,56±1,83 C⁰, 2,54±1,41 C⁰ and 2,05±1,09 C⁰ respectively). In the dry prepared group, the least increased temperature change values at coronal, middle and occlusal mid-portions were calculated in the Zimmer implants (8,7±1,37 C⁰, 7,16±0,99 C⁰ and 4,82±0,84 C⁰ respectively). In conclusion the implants in the dry prepared group showed higher temperature changes than the implants in the water irrigated group. For all the implants the highest temperature changes were recorded at the coronal 1/3 mid-portion and the temperature change values decreased at the apical 1/3 mid-portion. Abutments from different brands produced with dissimilar geometries and manufactured from different materials have an effect on the temperature change through the implant during abutment preparation. Keywords: Abutment, Preparation, Occlusal Reduction, Temperature Occurrence