Evaluation of the retention of ti-base abutments with zirconium which applied with different surface treatments

The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of various surface treatments used on Ti-base (Titanium base) abutment surfaces for the retention of resin-cemented crowns supported by implants. A total of 66 Ti-base abutments were meticulously divided into six distinct groups, each comprising 11 samples, and categorized according to different surface treatments: sandblasting, acid application, oxygen plasma treatment, Nd:YAG laser application, and Er:YAG laser application. Surface analysis was performed with SEM to evaluate the surface morphology of the samples after different surface treatments. CAD/CAM was used to create zirconium crowns that are compatible with Ti-base abutments. 1.4 mm wide holes were drilled into the zirconia crowns mesially and distally. A pull out test was performed by passing a 1 mm reinforced steel wire through the holes in the crowns bonded with dual cure resin cement. All debonded specimens were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and failures were classified. The data was evaluated statistically. The average retention values of the sandblasting group were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group and all other experimental groups (p<0.001). It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in the average retention values between control, acid application, oxygen plasma, Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser application. Among the surface treatments applied to the Ti-base abutment surface, the highest bond strength value was obtained in the sandblasting group.