Full characterization of Sr site Nd substituted Bulk Bi-2223 superconducting samples with standard experimental methods and theoretical approaches

The aim of this thesis is to examine the very significant properties including the electrical, structural, mechanical, flux pinning mechanism and superconducting in the Bi-2223 system with the partial replacement of neodymium foreign particles by strontium impurity. Superconducting materials prepared by standard solid-state route at the sintering temperature of 840 ℃ for 48 h are carried out by experimental measurement methods such as X-Ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive X-Ray, Vickers microhardness, resistivity and magnetization measurements. For the industrial and technological applications, the significant properties such as the normal state resistivity, critical transition temperature, crystallinity, phase purity, lattice parameter, texturing, surface morphology and Vickers microhardness are obtained for all samples and compared with each other. The pure sample displays the high-Tc Bi-2223 superconducting phase the 97.55 % volume fraction level. Further, the volume fraction value of high-Tc Bi-2223 phase decrease from 94.43 % in level x=0.01 sample to 26.65 % for the level of x = 0.1. Lattice constant a increases while lattice constant c decrease with increasing in Nd additives. While the maximum offset critical temperature of the pure sample is 108.4 K, a minimum of 78.81 K is obtained for the level of x = 0.1. All the theoretical approaches and experimental results display the characteristic properties tend to deteriorate with the increase in the Nd impurity.