"Applied rationality" in Philosophy of Gaston Bachelard

Historically, there are two kinds of schools in the discussions of philosophy of science: positivist thought in the 19th century and post-positivist thought in the 20th century. Positivist thought is in an effort to rebuild the world in the light of scientific thought. At the center of this idea, where the understanding of universality and rationality is a particularly important motif, is the idea of applying the same computability in the natural sciences as in the social sciences. When the positivist thought began to be criticized, a new thought emerged. The philosophers here opposed the idea of positivist thinking that progress, independent of history and society, highlighted different sources of motivation for scientific development. We see the same motivation on the basis of the philosophy of Gaston Bachelard, a member of the school of French history of science. Bachelard brought new interpretations of scientific thought long before the leading figures of post-posivivist philosophy. By examining the way the mind was handled in the history of philosophy, it subjected them to a new dialectical synthesis under the concept of "Applied Rationality". "Applied Rationality", contrary to modern thinking, on which reason is based on pure experience or pure reason; he says that theory and practice should work in solidarity on the horizon that the new scientific era has opened to us. The aim of this thesis is to examine the philosophical background in the formation of "Applied Rationality"; to reveal the unique aspects of Bachelard's work in the field of epistemology.