Civil servant and civil servant organizations in the Late Ottoman Early Republican period

The history of civil servants and civil servant organizations in Turkey dates back to the Ottoman Empire. In the Ottoman Empire, it is seen that the "modern civil servant" emerged in the first quarter of the 19th century. The emergence of modern civil service by the way of putting civil servants on the payroll facilitated the emergence of civil servant organizations. In the thesis, the development of civil servant and civil servant organizations from 1838 to 1938 is examined. Due to their close relationship with the state, it is assumed that civil servants did not engage in self-interested organizations like workers and other employee groups. It is questionable that during the periods of great social transformations, the civil servants had been exempt from the conditions of the time. The main claim of the thesis is that the self-interested organizations of civil servants were rapidly surrounded by the state. The state has had the power to make this intervention by many instruments, especially the instrument of legislation. Yet in the thesis, civil servant and civil servant organizations are considered to be a part of the discipline of management science. The fact that civil servants are one of the important elements of public administration strengthens this relationship. On the other hand, by mentioning civil servant organizations, it is aimed to indicate many different structures like syndicate, cooperative, union, fund, etc. Within the scope of the thesis, many institutions' archives, especially the Ottoman and the Republic archives of Turkish Presidency, libraries and memories were used. It has not been suffice to cite the mentioned sources. The 100-year period between 1838-1938 has been classified with the concepts of reformism (modernization), codification (enactment), inoperation (taking action) and rationalization. The economic, social and administrative developments occured during the period were also included in the classification.