Bioactivity guided isolation of Genista januensis subsp. lydia (Boiss.) Kit Tan & Ziel. (fabaceae) and investigation of its anticancer, antioxidant activities

This study was designed to examine the anticancer and antioxidant activities of the Genista januensis subsp. lydia (Boiss.) Kit Tan & Ziel. in crude extracts, isolated phenolic/flavonoid compounds which responsible for the biological activities. Isolation of phytochemical compounds, and determination of their chemical structures aimed in this study along with investigate of their bioactivity. Additionally, volatile compounds were determined by GC-MS method in hexane extract. Within this scope of study, extraction of G. januensis plant was done by maceration method using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents and their anticancer effect was investigated by performing cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle analyses in crude extracts. In addition to total phenolic/flavonoid content, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP activity determined in raw extracts. According to the results of anticancer and antioxidant activity in crude extracts, ethyl acetate extract, which has the highest activity in all extracts, was selected for isolation study. Ethyl acetate extract was used for isolation by chromatographic methods and isolated compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy methods for determination their molecular structures. As a result of this study, 7 compounds, which were 3 isoflavonoids, 1 biflavonoid, 1 phenolic compound and 2 sugar derivatives were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the G. januensis plant. Cytotoxicity tests were done for sufficient amount of isolated compounds in anticancer studies. (5), (6) and (7) numbered compounds are thought to have anticarcinogenic effects. The antioxidant activity determination only was performed on (4) numbered compound because of the insufficient amounts of other isolated compounds.