The role of Iran chemical attitude in Halabja(1988)

During the reign of Othman empire there was not a country called Iraq, but in the first world war Britain who invaded the area and changed the geopolitics of the country by establishing Iraq combining both Bagdad and Basra states under the supervision of Wingston Churchle and forty British and Iraqi political figures in 2212\1\21 according to Cairo convention and appointing Maik Faysal who was originally Saudi Arabian as a king of Iraq. Between 1921-1958 Kıng Faysal the first (1921-1933), King Ghazi (1933-1939) and King Faysal the second (1939-1958) were ruling. In 29\10\1936 a military coup was carried out and ruled Iraq for nine months, afterwards the coup was wiped out by the British. In the north of Iraq Malik Mahmood (1919- 1931), Sheikh Ahmad Barzani (1932-1933) and Mustafa Barzani (1941-1975) and some other political figures were carrying out both political and military struggles. In 1958 Abdul Kareem Qasim along with some of his fellow military officers carried out a coup putting an end to royal system and established republic system and he became the president of Iraqi republic. In 8th February 1963 the Baaths party carried out a coup putting an end to Abdulkareem Qasim‟s reign and assassinated him and Abdul Salam Arif became the president of Iraq. In 17\7\1979 Sadam Hussein became the president of Iraqi republic after pursuing Ahmad Hassan Bakir to resign and Saddam Hussein started running the country with an iron fist committing physical, economical and political genocide against the Kurdish nation. In 1976 Jalal Talabani founded (P.U.K) Iraq and started military struggle against Baaths party, during that time( K.D.P)‟s was ongoing. In 1979 the shia Islamic revolution led by Khumaini put an end to to Pahlawi‟s regime. In 1980-1988 the war between Iran and Iraq broke out and the neighboring country were indirectly participating in the war according to their interests, as a result of the war both countries were greatly harmed, tens of thousands were killed and the infrastructure of both countries completely destroyed. In 1983 (P.U.K) and Iraq IV signed a peace agreement and it continued for eighteen months, but then the regime broke the terms of the agreement. In the late seventies and eighties of the past century some Kurdish and Shia parties backed up by Iran were established to struggle against Iraq among them were (K.S.P)(1979), High Islamic Council of Iraq (1983), Islamic Movement Kurdistan (I.M.K) (1987) and Badir Military Party while( K.D.P) was and siding with that country against Iraq. During the war Iran was interfering in the north pf Iraq. In 1986 (P.U.K) signed a political, military and economical agreement then (P.D.K) and (P.U.K) with the support of Iran agreed to stand against Iraq in 1987 later in (I.C.P), (Ġ.D.P) to reach an agreement .1987 (P.U.K), (K.S. P) and Islamic Movement Kurdistan (I.M.K) stepped inti an agreement with Iran to invade Halabja city. In 13\12\1988 the military groups (Ramadhan, Quds, Fatih and Kazmin) commanded by Iranian leader Ali Shamkhani with the afore mentioned Kurdish Parties along with Dawa and Badir military groups launched an operation on Halabja under the name (walfajir 10) and invaded the city in 15\3\1988. After the invasion, they looted and almost destroyed the infrastructure of the city and made a Persian man named (Razai) a mayor of Halabja and started changing the names of Quarters and directorates from Kurdish into Persian showing a true alliance between Kurdish and Shia Parties which gave a powerful reason to attack the city with chemical weapon in 16\3\1988 killing five thousand and injuring more than ten thousand civilians and many more were displaced as well as completely destroying the infrastructure of the city. The chemical attack on Halabja was recognized as a greatest genocide committed against against humanity in twentieth century.