Hemodiyalizdeki hastalarda Pegivirüs ve SEN virüsünün tespiti

Viral infections are more likely to affect patients receiving hemodialysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of SENV and GBV-C infections in hemodialysis patients and determine the clinical importance of these infections. A study with a cross-sectional design involving 200 patients was hemodialysis therapy in Ibn- Sina center for dialysis hospital in Diyala, during the period from 10th of February 2022 to the 15th of June 2022. In this study, two groups were included, the first group was HCV antibody-positive and the second group was HCV antibody negative. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nested -PCR) was used to detect SENV and reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (nested RT-PCR) was used to detect GBV-C in serum samples. And for liver function evaluation. This study reported a relatively small incidence of SENV (34 out of 200, 17%). The frequency of SENV-H is (28 out 34, 82.36%) which higher than SENV-D (4 out 34, 11.76%) and co-infection of SENV-H and D is (2 of 34, 5.88%), however statistically do not reach the level of significance, and also no significant association is found with age and sex with SENV (SENV-H and SENV-D) infection. Regarding GBV-C infection, the current study is found that GBV-C RNA is detected in (38 out of 200, 19%) of hemodialysis patients, (15 out 35, 43.85%) of HCV positive patients, while (23 out 165, 13.93%) without HCV. GBV-C infection has no significant association with HCV status among hemodialysis patients, and also no significant association with age and sex. Hemodialysis duration is significantly higher in GBV-C positive than GBV-C negative. This study shows that there is no significant difference between SENV, GBV-C (with or/ without HCV co-infection), and neither with the liver enzyme. These viruses were classified as SENV-H (82.36%), SENV-D (11.76%), or mixed (SENV-H and D) (5.88%). While genotype 2 was discovered in 100% of GBV-C cases. There are no significant differences in ALT and AST between SENV or GBV-C infected and non-infected hemodialysis patients, both with and without viral hepatitis. Thus, SENV or GBV-C do not appear to contribute to the occurrence of liver disorders. Age and gender in patients on hemodialysis do not significantly affect SENV or GBV-C infection. Clinical features and risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, history of blood transfusions, kidney transplantation, surgery, history of multiple sexual partners, tattooing, length of hemodialysis, and the number of blood transfusions, did not appears as being significantly different between SENV-positive and SENV-negative patients. When GBV-C and HCV are co-infected, the duration of hemodialysis is also considerably longer in GBV-C positive patients than in GBV-C negative patients, indicating a nosocomial infection. Blood transfusion history has a markedly different relationship with SENV and HCV, SENV and GBV co-infection, which suggests that it serves as a very effective mechanism of transmission. According to the results of the current study's phylogenetic analysis of the UTR, local isolates are closely related to other recognized strains and to one another, indicating that GBV-C infection of genotype 2 is common in Diyala Province \ Iraq. Based on the 5' untranslated region of GBV-C, results of sequences were compared with GBV-C reference sequences from the GenBank database using BLAST and were confirmed to be GBV-C sequences. The result sequences were sharing 96-99% identity with GBV-C reference sequences that classified as belonging to genotype 2 of GBV-C. Result sequences clustered in a common group with the sequences which were isolated from Venezuela, Canada, Cuba, France, Germany, Australia, Spain, USA, India, and Thailand.