An empirical approach to heterodox monetary policy: Central banking practices

Due to the increasing influence of the increasingly deepening and diversified financial markets on the economic system and the economic stagnation created by the global financial crisis, central banks are beginning to implement unconventional and more complex monetary policy instruments to achieve price and financial stabilities and to revive the growth. In the study, macroeconomic data set is created for Turkey, European Union, United States of America, Brazil, United Kingdom, Israel, Iceland, Canada and Hungary to determine the effectiveness of heterodox monetary policy instruments. The optimal lag length of variables is determined by VAR analysis, while the long-term relationship of these data and the length of the period it takes to reach equilibrium are determined by ARDL boundary test. As a result of the analysis, it is determined that the policy interest rate is used more effectively for developing countries as the monetary policy tool, while the real assets of the central bank for developed countries do so. It is also determined that deviations from equilibrium in developing countries are compensated in a shorter period of time on average than developed countries. Keywords: Heterodox Monetary Policy, Central banking, ARDL.