Activity of amifostine in prevention of harmful effects of hysterosalphingography on ovary: experimental study

This study is conducted to examine the harmful effects of Hysterosalpingography (HSG) on ovary in early and late period and investigate the effects of amifostine, an antioxidant, cytoprotective and radioprotective substance to inhibit its harmful effects. In the study, 40 adult female Winstar albino genus rats were divided into 4 groups as control group, radiation group, HSG group and Amifostine group in a randomized, prospective and single blind manner. Ten rats in each group were again randomly divided into two groups. Both ovaries of each rat were removed after 3 hours to determine early effects and in the rest the ovaries were removed one month after the prosedures to determine late effects. One of ovary in each rat were used for histologic, immunohistochemical examination and to determine proliferated cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunreactivity, other ovaries were used to determine levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Nitric Oxide (NO), Tumor Necrotizing Factor-alpha (TNF-α). İntracardiac blood samples were used to determine Antimullerian Hormone (AMH) levels. No statistically difference was found between the groups in respect to parameters showing oxidative stress (MDA, TOS, NO) at the third hour of examination but these parameters were significantly higher among radiation and HSG groups when compared to control group at the end of firsth month (p <0.05). However evidence of oxidative stress were found to be lower in amifostine group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of AMH levels. While histologic examination revealed that germinal epithelial degeneration and apoptosis were prominent in HSG and radiation group, there was no differance between the the control and other groups in term of PCNA. Germinal epithelial degeneration and apoptosis were lower in statistically significant amount in the amifostine group. As a result, our study demanstrated that amifostine is an effective subtance in reducing oxidative damage to HSG procedure and radiation. Keywords: histerosalpingography, amifostine, oxidative damage, ovary