Micropropagation of Salvia limbata C.A. MEY. (LAMIACEAE) under in vitro conditions and investigation of total phenolic-flavonoid and antioxidant activities in regenerated shoots

In the first stage of this study, sterile shoots were obtained by germinating Salvia limbata C.A. Meyer seeds under in vitro conditions. In the second stage, total phenolic-flavonoid content and antioxidant activity capacities of shoots regenerated from seeds were investigated. S. limbata seeds, which are difficult to propagate from seed with traditional methods, were germinated in a short time at 20±2ºC in ½ MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium. The combined effect of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml BAP, Kin and IAA to determine the regeneration capacity of the obtained shoots was investigated separately. When the BAP and Kin groups were compared, the increase in the number of shoots (respectively 6.428±1.009–6.500±1.432) developed in MS medium with 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml BAP was found to be statistically significant. Although the highest shoot number (3.071±0.322) and development was at 0.5 mg/ml in kin supplemented media, this value was found to be lower than BAP ratios. It was observed that the morphological development of shoots and the number of shoots developed in the tested cytokinin groups changed depending on the variety and concentration of plant growth regulators. For this reason, the combined effect of cytokinins and 0.1 mg/ml IAA to increase the morphological development and shoot number of shoots was tested and it was observed that healthier, productive shoots (6.357±0.464) were grown in culture medium containing 1.0 mg/ml BAP+0.1 mg/ml IAA. 1/1 and ½ MS medium supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml NAA and IAA were used for rooting proliferating shoots. Root growth was observed in all groups, but the best response in terms of root length and density and shoot growth was determined in the 1/1 MS application groups, and longer and denser root growth was observed in 2.0 mg/ml IAA's. . In the second stage of the study, total phenolic-flavonoid and antioxidant activity analyzes were performed on the shoots grown in the application and control groups, and the total phenolic (93.40±0.10 μg GAEs/mg extract) and flavonoid (35.39±0.04 μg QEs/mg extract) content values in the application group were found to be higher than the control group (90.29±0 - 28.18±0 μg GAEs/mg extract, respectively). The antioxidant activity values of the extracts, which increased in parallel with the increase in concentration, were found to be higher in the control shoots and consistent with the positive controls. However, the antioxidant activity values of the shoots developed in the treatment group were generally lower than the positive controls, except for the concentration of 25 µg/ml.