Virological investigation of the presence of bovine papillomavirus in lesions on the nipples of cows

Blood and tissue (warts) samples were collected from Holstein breeds with lesions of different appearances on their nipples, and 106 female cows aged between 2 and 8 years from various public-owned enterprises in Burdur-Center and its districts. Of the blood serum samples, 59 (%55,66) were positive for BPV (antigen) and 47 (%44,34) were positive for BPV (antigen). Consensus primers FAP59 / 64 and MY11 / 09 were used in PCR test to detect the presence of BPV in tissue (wart) samples. FAP59 / 64 positivity was detected in 24 (%22,64) of 106 samples, while MY11 / 09 was not detected in any of the samples. In terms of BPV type specific primers, in general, all 106 samples were positive for BPV, while no BPV-14 was positive. In the general distribution where single and mixed types are seen together in breast warts; BPV-2 (40 pieces, %37,7) BPV-6 (28 pieces, %26.4), BPV-8 (30 pieces, %28,3), BPV-9 (36 pieces, %34), BPV-10 (32 pieces, %30,3) and BPV-12 (22, % 20,8) were found to be more common. Distribution of types according to macroscopic appearance of breast lesions; The highest positivity in Flat and Round forms BPV-2 and BPV-10, the highest positivity in Rice Grain forms BPV-6, BPV-10, BPV-12, BPV-8 + BPV-9 and BPV-3 + BPV-6 + BPV -8 + BPV-11, BPV-9 had the highest positivity in stalked and pointed forms. Distribution of BPV types by age; The most BPV-2 type in the age group of 2, the most BPV-10 type in the 3-year-old group, the most BPV-9 type in the 4-year-old group, the most BPV-8 + BPV-12 in the 5-year-old group, the 6-8 age group It was determined that there were the most mixed types. It was determined that the possibility of mixed occurrence of BPV types increased with increasing age. It was determined that flat and round form warts were seen at a younger age than stalked and pointed warts (p = 0,003). There was no statistically significant difference between the age at which the warts in the rice grain form were seen and the age at which the other form warts were seen (p> 0,05). In the study, positivity was found in all samples positive with BPV type-specific primers, in histopathological examinations performed from breast lesions and in immunohistochemical tests. Accordingly, the correlation between all three tests and applications was found to be similar. The presence of virus was observed in electron microscopy examinations performed on samples selected positively with BPV type specific primers (at least one examination was performed). However, ELISA (antigen) test was found to be less sensitive in detecting BPV from blood serum samples. In the study, 100% (12/12) success was achieved as a result of autologous vaccine application in all types of breast lesions papillomas; In papillomas detected in BPV types 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 ,10 and 11, success was achieved by 41,7% (5/12) as a result of NDV La Sota strain applications. When the effect of enviromental conditions on the spread of BPV types in sampling businesses is examined, the presence of BPV in breast lesions is at the highest level; ıt was determined in small and semi-open farms with a number of 1-49 animals, in enterprises where animal care-feeding conditions and barn cleaning are moderate, in enterprises where milking is done by machine and cleaning and disinfectant is used before and after milking.