Orientation towards nature in art after 1960 within the context of human nature relations

Points of origin and foundations of Land Art and Ecologic Art after 1960 are based upon philosophy of nature. During the analysis of the bonds these art forms have created with nature, philosophy of nature which contains all of the ongoing relations was used, environment and ecology definitions, which are related to definition of nature, were made, effects of the destruction that is created by the humans were mentioned. In the second part, foundations of the human nature relations were researched and examined within the frame of environmental sociology. In this study, three overall societies were mentioned in historic process, which reside in the background of human nature relations. These societies are defined as hunter-gatherer societies (primitive societies), agricultural societies (civilized societies) and industrial societies (modern societies). How societal hierarchy shaped perception of nature and human centered societal order instrumentalized nature was revealed. Derived from the human centered perspective which appears in deep ecological philosophy, the analogy between humans' exploitation and destruction of nature was confirmed. Deep ecology has offered an approach which stresses environmental crises and ecological disasters regarding human nature relations. Being based upon primitive values, this approach was based on ecological crises due to discourses of human centered approaches and monotheistic religions. Providing inspiration to artistic practices and being in the foundation of many cultures, nature has undergone change alongside forms of societal life. Developed sense and forms of art after 1960 were shaped with a reactional manner against the exploitation of nature and humans. In order to raise awareness and make improvements, artists has conducted their practices based on nature. Societal movements of this period, as a system where nature is whole, have influenced gathering environmentally-conscious culture and art forms together. Key Words: Land Art, Ecological Art, Philosophy of Nature