The genetic relationship between insulin receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene and insulin resistance in Type 2 diabetes mellitus in the çukurova region

This thesis aims to investigate the genetic association between insulin resistance and Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene polymorphism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus living in the Çukurova Region. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex disease characterized by impairments in insulin secretion and peripheral insulin action, resulting from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In this study, a total of 100 participants were included, consisting of 50 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 50 healthy individuals. DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood samples of these individuals, and genetic analyses were performed. The IRS-1 Gly972Arg G>A polymorphism was identified using the Real-Time PCR method, and the genotypic and allelic frequencies were analyzed. Additionally, the effects of this polymorphism on the clinical and biochemical parameters of the patients were evaluated. The data obtained were subjected to detailed statistical analysis, revealing significant findings regarding the genetic association between the IRS-1 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus. These results suggest that this polymorphism may contribute to understanding the genetic basis of the disease and provide new approaches for identifying potential therapeutic targets. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1), Genetics, Real-Time PCR, Mutation.