İslam dünyasında sosyal politika yaklaşımı: Türkiye, Katar ve Bangladeş örnekleri

Social policy has gained unprecedented importance in the contemporary era, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has intensified the focus on social welfare systems globally. This thesis explores the perception of social policy in three distinct Muslim-majority countries: Türkiye, Qatar, and Bangladesh. By examining these nations, the study investigates how cultural, religious, economic, and political factors influence the development and sustainability of social welfare systems in Islamic contexts. Türkiye, as a rapidly modernizing country shaped by both Islamic and Western traditions, features a hybrid model where the state plays a central role in welfare provision, including social security, healthcare, and education, complemented by religious and civil society contributions. Qatar, a wealthy Gulf state with substantial oil revenues, relies on state-sponsored welfare systems that offer free healthcare, education, and housing subsidies, though it faces challenges related to sustainability and equitable distribution. In contrast, Bangladesh, a lower-middle-income nation, adopts a different approach where limited state resources are bolstered by international aid, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and Islamic charities, highlighting a mixed model of welfare provision. Employing qualitative analysis, this thesis reveals the complexities and diversity in the perception and implementation of social policy across these countries. It underscores the influence of Islamic components of social policies such as zakat (mandatory charity), sadaqah (voluntary charity), and waqf (endowments) on public expectations and government policies. The study finds that while economic capacity largely determines welfare provision, cultural and religious values significantly shape public understanding and expectations of social justice. The findings advocate for context-specific strategies in social policy design, contributing to a broader understanding of how Islamic values can inform modern welfare practices in alignment with local traditions and socio-economic realities.