Confiscation practices in Islamic history (From the period of Hz. Muhammad to the end of the Umayyads)

The religion of Islam has allowed the acquisition of property, in other words, it has gave people private property rights. However, it has also deemed appropriate to take some measures to prevent this right from being used to the detriment of the country and society. In the context of these measures, confiscation, which was accepted as a financial punishment, was put into effect and the properties of many rulers and rich people were seized throughout the history of Islam. This study deals with the confiscation practices in the time of the Hz. Muhammed, Hulefâ-i Râşidîn and the Umayyads. The study consists of introduction and three parts. After drawing the conceptual framework of confiscation at the entrance, applications similar to confiscation and the practices of confiscation in pre-Islamic periods are mentioned. In the first chapter, confiscation practices in the period of Hz. Muhammed were mentioned. The confiscations that took place during the Hz. Muhammed 's presidency in Medina, which covers the years 622-632, were made for the purpose of implementing Islamic Sharia, ensuring justice, establishing security and protecting general morality. In the second chapter, confiscation practices in the period of Hulefâ-i Râşidîn covering the years 632-661 are examined. During this period, especially Hz. Omar's (634-644) practices for confiscation are striking. Hz. Omar's authoritarian and sensitive management approach caused frequent confiscation practices. In the third chapter, confiscation practices of Umayyads, who led the Islamic world between 661-750, were discussed. Among the Umayyad caliphs, Omar b. Abdulaziz went beyond the Umayyad management style with his fair management and returned the properties to their owners previously unjustly confiscated.