The histological analysis of the effects of quercetin and xenograft applied in both isolated and combined way on recovery of rat tibial bone defects

In our study, the effects of quercetin and xenograft on new bone formation (NBF) and bone marrow formation (BMF) in critical size bone defects, and the effects on osteopontin (OPN) and osteonectin (SPARC) immune localization and expression, which are known to be involved in bone healing, histological and It is aimed to reveal at the molecular level. At Dicle University Health Sciences Application and Research Center, a total of 56 Sprague-Dawley breeds, 7 in each group, were made on an adult male rat weighing an average of 350 g. In our study, there are 4 groups in total. These are the control group (k), the quercetin group where quercetin is applied to the rats by gavage (q), the quercetin and xenograft group (q + x) in which quercetin is applied in combination with the gavage and xenograft to the localized bone defect. The xenograft group (x) in which xenograft is applied locally to the bone defect alone and as a drect. 7 rats in each group were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week and 7 rats in the group at the end of the 8th week, and the tissues removed were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical examination in fixative solution. The data on the new bone formation and bone marrow formation obtained in this study were 95% confidence level and analyzed by the Social Sciences Statistics Program 22 (SPSS). While investigating the normal distribution of variables, the results of normality tests were examined by using Kolmogrov Smirnov or Shapiro Wilk's according to the number of units. When interpreting the results, 0.05 was used as the level of significance; If p <0.05, it is stated that variables do not come from normal distribution. When examining the differences between the groups, Kruskal Wallis H Test was used if the variables did not come from the normal distribution. In case of a significant difference, groups with significant differences were identified with the help of Post-hoc tests. When examining the differences between the groups, Kruskal Wallis H Test was used if the variables did not come from the normal distribution. In case of a significant difference, groups with significant differences were identified with the help of Post-hoc tests. While examining the difference between two dependent variables, Wilcoxon Test was used because the variables did not come from the normal distribution. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was performed for the relationship between OPN and SPARC values in the 4th and 8th weeks of the groups in the study. When interpreting the results, 0.05 was used as the level of significance; It was stated that there was a significant difference if p <0.05, and there was no significant difference if p> 0.05. As a result of the analyzes made in the study, the NBF 56th measurement value of the control group was significantly lower than the kuersetin group and the kuersetin + xenograft group. The 28th measurement value of the BMF of the control group is significantly lower than that of the quercetin group. In the quercetin group, there is a statistically significant difference between the 28th and 56th days in terms of NBF values. In the quercetin group, NBF 28th day value is significantly lower than NBF 56th day value. In the quercetin + xenograft group, there is a statistically significant difference between the 28th and 56th days in terms of NBF values. In the quercetin + xenograft group, the NBF 28th day value is significantly lower than the NBF 56th day value. Regardless of the group, NBF 28th day value is significantly lower than NBF 56th day value. In the quercetin + xenograft group, there is a statistically significant difference between 28th and 56th days in terms of BMF values. In the quercetin + xenograft group, the 28th day value of BMF is significantly lower than the value of the 56th day of BMF. Regardless of the group, there is a statistically significant difference between 28th and 56th days in terms of BMF values. Regardless of the group, the value of the 28th day BMF is significantly lower than that of the 56th day BMF. In the 4th week, the control group's OPN mean was 0.57 and SPARC mean was 1.00. The control group's OPN and SPARC values were both "low" at week 4. At the 8th week, the control group's OPN mean was 1.14 and the SPARC mean was 1.00. The 8th week OPN and SPARC values of the control group were at "low" level. In the 4th week, the OPN mean of the quercetin group was 1.43 and the SPARC mean was 1.43. Both the OPN and SPARC values of the quercetin group at the 4th week were "low". In the 8th week, the mean OPN of the quercetin group was 2.28 and the average of SPARC was 2.14. Both of the 8th week OPN and SPARC values of the quercetin group were at the "intermediate" level. In the 4th week, the OPN mean of the quercetin + xenograft group was 1.28 and the average of SPARC was 1.28. In the 4th week of the quercetin + xenograft group, both OPN and SPARC values were at the "low" level. In the 8th week, the OPN mean of the quercetin + xenograft group was 1.43 and the average of SPARC was 1.18. The 8th week OPN and SPARC values of the quercetin + xenograft group were at the "low" level. In the 4th week, the OPN average of the xenograft group was 1.14 and the average of SPARC was 1.14. Both the OPN and SPARC values of the xenograft group at the 4th week were at the "low" level. In the 8th week, the OPN average of the xenograft group was 1.28 and the average of SPARC was 1.14. The 8th week OPN and SPARC values of the xenograft group were at the "low" level. The 8th week SPARC value was highest in the quercetin group (2.14), and the results of the difference analysis showed that the 8th week SPARC averages were statistically significant between the quercetin group and all other groups. The 8th week OPN level was highest in the quercetin group (2.28). According to the results of the difference analysis, the difference between all groups and the quercetin group at the 8th week OPN levels was statistically significant. According to the results obtained from our study, quercetin positively affected bone healing and xenograft healing. However, further research is needed to better understand these features.