"the subject" in the context of Julia Kristeva and Judith Butler: The construction of agency

Being a woman is constructed by cultural norms and shaped by society. In the patriarchal system, woman is seen as the opposite of man and as a sum of weak features that men do not have. She has not transcended herself, she is emotional, passive, irrational, and passive. From this point of view, the woman, who is ignored and objectified in language and culture, cannot be included in the process of being a "subject" in the social arena. Social oppression and discriminatory norms against women are actually a template shaped by the concept of "subject". In the masculine subject understanding, the woman's effort to open up space for herself still continues. It is necessary to strengthen the definition of the woman, who tries to form her self with different methods, with a philosophical perspective. Femininity imprisoned within the definition of "woman" in the masculine system has psychosomaticized women. This situation caused an insurmountable melancholy. In this study, Julia Kristeva's ab-ject theory and psychoanalysis approach, Judith Butler's approach to bodies and performative gender theory will reveal the effects of this problem on gender, gender and women's subjectivation processes, and the possibility of subjective agency. This self-crisis experienced by the woman; Kristeva's displacement of the feminine to the limits of the abject can be overcome through psychoanalysis's reanalysis, with Butler's emphasis on the performativity of sexing. If the perception of gender based on multiple possibilities can be achieved, the "subject" will be able to be established without being marginalized within these possibilities. The theories of Julia Kristeva and Judith Butler, who have not been studied in the field of gender equality in the philosophy literature in Turkey, will be discussed in an integrated manner under the roof of psychoanalysis. In the study, a literature review was conducted using the comparison and description method. With the concepts of Kristeva and Butler, it will be possible to overcome the obstacles in self-construction, the fear of the "feminine" created by objectification and standardization and the ab-jection of differences. Keywords: Feminism, subject, gender identity, abjection, psychoanalysis.