The quantile ARDL method: An application for selected N-11 countries

The satisfaction of the growing needs of humanity and the development of social well-being also bring economic growth. In addition, countries need energy to keep up with changing economic developments, meet the needs of society and improve their quality of life. Uncontrolled fulfillment of this need causes a number of negative consequences for the environment. In this study, the effects of economic growth and energy consumption, as well as the effects of trade openness on carbon emissions, were examined by using the Quantile ARDL (QARDL) method for selected N-11 countries. This approach allows for a more comprehensive examination of the overall relationship between variables, which has been almost ignored by traditional approaches. The results obtained using the QARDL method reveal the existence of various differences across the quantiles in the selected countries, both in the error correction parameter and in the long- and short-term cointegrating relationship.