البناء السردي في روايتي (9مارس، (وثالثهما الفنجان)) لمحمود شامي

The purpose of this thesis is to study the novels of Mahmoud Shami, the Djiboutian writer, in a narrative study, by analyzing his novels into their narrative elements: characters, events, time, place, the scope of this study is determined by studying two novels: March 9, And The Third Cup. The importance of this study comes from the importance of the narrator, as he is one of the writers of the modern era in Djibouti, whose novels were characterized by the ability to simulate reality and criticize what is in it. The researcher followed the analytical descriptive approach when analyzing the events of the two novels, studying the roles of the characters in them, and the way he presented it in order to reach an understanding of the narrator's style in building the novel according to the narrative theory. The cocnlusions of this study were as follows: The novelist Mahmoud Al-Shami monitored in his two novels many issues affecting society, especially intellectual freedom, the influence of prevailing traditions, the problems of immigration, racism. He also excelled in portraying his characters, describing them accurately, distributing their roles in an intelligent way, and taking care of his heroes and portraying their personalities in their social, psychological and physical aspects. In his novels, he presents two types of narration: the subjective and the objective. Mahmoud Shami also cared about the element of place, because it took various meanings and connotations that change from one novel to another, He cared about the historical, social and realistic documentary aspect of his novels, with an objective, creative and impartial narration that excites the reader's imagination, relying on all of this on his cultural and knowledge stock that emerged in his care for folklore. It was remarkable that the characters of the novelist Mahmoud al-Shami moved within a "Spacetime" framework that played a role in linking the elements of narration within the structure of the novel.