Evaluation of metacognitive functions in patients who has obsessive compulsive disorder and major depressive disorder

The aim of this study was to compare metacognitive functions of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) and their relationship to clinical symptoms with those of the control group. The study included 50 patients with OCD and 50 patients with MDD who were admitted to Fırat University, Clinic of Psychiatry and who met the study criteria and 50 age and gender matched healthy controls with no previous or current history of psychiatric or neurological disorders. The structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I) for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Form, and Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) were administered to patients and controls; additionally, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were also administered to patients with MDD whereas the Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-44 (OBS-44) were administered to patients with OCD. Total metacognition scores were found to be significant in both disease groups as compared to the control group. Metacognition subdimensions of "uncontrollability and danger" and "need to control" were significantly higher in patients with OCD, whereas, the subdimension of cognitive confidence was significantly higher in patients with MDD as compared to the control group. In addition, there was a positive correlation between Y-BOCS subfactor of compulsion and need to control, between the OBQ-44 factor of perfectionalism/certainty and uncontrollability and danger and between the OBQ-44 factor of importance/control of thoughts and the subdimension of cognitive awareness in patients with OCD. On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between BDI scores and metacognition subscales of positive belief, cognitive confidence and uncontrollability and danger in patients with MDD. The findings of our study demonstrated significant differences in the parameters of metacognition questionnaire between patients with depression and those with OCD. Future studies are warranted to elucidate the causal relationship of these differences to MDD and OCD.