The evolution of environmental movement in the framework of the neo-Gramscian hegemony approach

The enormous increase in mass production and consumption together with globalization has placed cross-border environmental problems, especially climate change, at the center of the agenda of the international community since the second half of the 20th century. Ecological problems, which have become more and more threatening to nature and all living things day by day, have started to shape the discussions within the framework of the International Relations discipline as in many sciences to the same extent since the 1970s. Today, with the expansion of the coverage of the climate crisis in global politics, environmental sensitivities have become an important component of interdisciplinary and academic studies in many fields. Analyses of the climate crisis through mainstream IR theories up to date has led to a narrow assessment of the issue. In this study, the relationship between climate change and the evolution of environmental movements is examined in line with the critical theoretical framework. In the second chapter of the study, the political history of recent environmental problems is given. In the third chapter, some mainstream theoretical approaches that reveal their views in this field are discussed. In the fourth chapter, the reflections of the climate crisis on the international economy, politics and sociology are analyzed in the axis of the neo-Gramscian concept of "hegemony" under critical theory. Finally, in this chapter, the recent course of the trade and economic relations between the EU and Türkiye through the European Green Deal has been examined in terms of neo-Gramscian hegemony.