Pharmacognostic evaluation of glaucium flavum crantz.

Glaucium flavum, species of Glaucium belonging to Papaveraceae family, grows mostly with yellow flowers in sand in waterside and rocky areas which suffered from erosion below 500 meters height. Due to the isoquinoline alkaloid it content, it has antitussive, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Herba of Glaucium flavum collected from three distinct locations were studied with "Loss on drying, total ash, sulfate ash and ash insoluble in HCl" in accordance with European Pharmacopoeia. Alkaloid profile of the plant is detected by GC-MS "(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)" method. Inhibitory activities of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were examined on alkaloid extracts of the plant samples. Glaucine was found to be major compound in the plant that was collected from Sakran, Izmir which is a Bulancak, Giresun culture form; isocorydine was major compound in the plant that was collected from Mordogan, Izmir; an alkaloid with a moleculer weight of 337 was found to be major compound in the plant that was collected from Karabiga, Canakkale. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity potentials were detected in all extracts obtained from the plants. The highest activity between the examined plants is found in the plant extract that was collected from Karabiga, Canakkale. For the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, the highest IC50 value is 8,98 µg/mL whereas the highest IC50 value is 17,46 µg/mL for the butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. Difference of alkaloid profile and biological activity were detected between the samples of the plant that are collected from different locations. Keywords; Glaucium flavum; Papaveraceae; alkaloid; GC-MS; acetylcholinesterase inhibitory