The relationship between Egypt and Hamas after the Arab uprisings: From ideological discrepancies to reconciliation

The bilateral relations between Egypt and Hamas have been very complex and multifaceted, and characterized by ups and downs. The Hamas takeover of Gaza in 2007, the Arab uprisings, and the military takeover in Egypt in 2013 were among the most important turning points in this relationship. Relations followed the expected course, except for the rapprochement that took place in the post-Arab uprisings period since 2017. To unravel the mystery of this rapprochement between the two sides, this study traced the history of bilateral relations through empirical comprehensive analysis and explanation. It argued that this rapprochement can be explained by realpolitik. It argued that the rapprochement was achieved by both sides embracing their own and common interests. However, to build trust, Hamas had to make some changes in its stance and political vision. Hamas desired the rapprochement with Egypt because it is the only way out of the geopolitical deadlock and humanitarian crisis in Gaza, and the most viable negotiation channel with its rivals. On the other hand, Egypt embraced it to restore its leadership position in the region and consolidate its national security with coordination with Hamas. Keywords: Egypt, Hamas, Middle East, Muslim Brotherhood, Realpolitik