A comparative investigation of the effects of resveratrol and dental pulp delivered mesenchimal stem cell on rat tibia bone defect healing

In oral and maxillofacial surgery, defects in bone tissue may occur due to cyst-tumor operations, oncological resections, trauma, infection, and developmental anomalies. Defects with various etiologies need to be repaired quickly and in the most appropriate way to the anatomical form. In recent studies, researchers are working on grafts and biomaterials that stimulate new bone formation in the healing of bone defects. In addition, the effects of some antioxidant agents on new bone formation are being investigated. Resveratrol (3,4,5-trihydroxystilbene), an antioxidant compound; It is found in high rates in vegetables and fruits such as peanuts, raspberries, mulberries, plums, blackberries, red wine and the roots of Polygonum cuspidatum, mainly grapes. Resveratrol, which is in the structure of natural phytoalexin, is also a compound with anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic and antiplatelet properties. In our study, it was aimed to examine the effects of systemic application of resveratrol, which has antioxidant properties and increasing osteoblastic activity, on new bone formation with mesenchymal stem cells originating from dental pulp, on the formation of new bone by immunohistochemical methods, to the experimentally created bone defects in the tibias of rats. In our study, 28 Spraque Dawley male rats were used and the rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. In the positive control group, only the defect was opened with a trephine bur on the tibia bone, and saline was applied and closed. In the second group, the defect was opened and closed on the tibia and systemic resveratrol was administered via oral gavage for 4 weeks. In the 3rd group, the defect was opened with a trephine bur and closed, stem cells were applied locally. In the 4th group, after the defect was opened and closed, local stem cells were applied and systemic resveratrol was given to the rats by oral gavage for 4 weeks. All of the subjects were sacrificed at the end of the 4th week, and the removed tibia tissues were subjected to histomorphological examination in fixative solution. As a result of our study, it was observed that only resveratrol and only dental pulp-derived mesenchymal stem cell application partially stimulated bone growth after the formed defect and supported the development of new bone trabeculae. After the defect was created, it was observed that stem cell + resveratrol treatment was much more effective than only resveratrol or only stem cell treatment, it induced more bone trabeculae development, suppressed inflammation more and increased the number of osteoblasts involved in bone formation. Key words: Bone defect, resveratrol, mesenchymal stem cell