The roles of parenting styles of the father, parental smoking, peer pressure and impulsivity in predicting cigarette use and addiction

In this study, the predictors of cigarette use and cigarette addiction among young adults were investigated in order to provide an empirical basis for smoking prevention and smoking cessation studies. For this aim, predictive effects of father's parenting style, parental smoking, peer pressure and impulsivity on cigarette use and cigarette addiction were explored. The study was conducted with 645 young adults aged between 18 and 25 years. Demographic Information Form, The Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence, Young Parenting Inventory Father Scale, Friend Pressure Scale, Short Form of Barrat Impulsiveness Scale, and The Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire Depression and Anxiety Subscales were employed to collect data. The hypotheses of the study were tested with Spearmen Rho, Chi-Square, Mann Whitney U and Log Linear analyses. Results indicated that while father's parenting style predicted cigarette use, mother's smoking status and impulsivity level predicted both cigarette use and level of cigarette addiction. Further analyses showed that father's parenting style was in a significant relationship with cigarette use only for those who have non-smoker mothers. The significant relationship between father's parenting style and smoking cigarette was also confirmed only for participants with low level of impulsivity. These findings were discussed within the scope of the literature, and the study's contributions to clinical applications are explained. Keywords: Smoking, Addiction, Parenting Style, Fathers, Parental Smoking, Peer Pressure, Impulsivity