Salmonella türlerinin perakende tavuk etinden fenotipik ve genotipik metodlarla izolasyonu, identifikasyonu ve bazı patojenik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi

The genus Salmonella is a Gram-negative, rod belongs to the family of Enterobacteriaceae. The Salmonella genus consists of two species, namely Salmonella enterica and S. bongori. Particularly, S. enterica subspecies and serovars are known to cause infections in humans via contaminated foods or water. In this study, a total of 146 retail chicken meat samples were collected and investigated to determine the presence of Salmonella spp. Among the 146 chicken meat samples, 83 (56.6%) were found to be positive for Salmonella spp. A total of 116 Salmonella isolates were obtained from the 83 contaminated samples. Out of the 116 isolates, 76 (65.5%) were biochemically identified as S. Typhimurium, 27 (23.3%) as S. enterica subspecies indica, 9 (7.8%) as S. Pullorum, 2 (1.7%) as S. enterica subsp. arizonae, 1 (0.9%) as S. enterica subsp. diarizonae and 1 (0.9%) as S. enterica subsp. salamae. Some virulence characteristics (siderophore production and biofilm formation) were examined for all the isolates. Among the 116 Salmonella isolates, 95 (82.9%) were positive for the siderophore production. Biofilm formation of Salmonella isolates was investigated by using the microtiter plate assay. Biofilm formation was detected in 64 (55.2%) of all the examined isolates. The 52 (44.8%) isolates did not produce biofilm. All of the 116 Salmonella isolates were confirmed by using genus specific invA gene of Salmonella. In addition, the Salmonella isolates were also examined for the presence of spvC, plasmid virulence gene. The Salmonella isolates harbored the spvC gene was found to be 22 (19%). Besides, in this study, ampicillin (blaTEM), tetracycline (tetA), sulfonamide (sulI) and class 1 integron resistance genes were investigated. The incidence of the genes, blaTEM, tetA, sulI, class 1 integron was 91.4%, 57.8%, 38.8% and 45.7%, respectively. Erythromycin resistance was observed in all Salmonella isolates. The antimicrobial resistance of the Salmonella isolates was as follows: tetracycline (77.6%), nalidixic acid (77.6%), streptomycin (58.6%) and chloramphenicol (44.8%). A multidrug-resistance was observed in 93 (80.2%) of the isolates to at least three or more antimicrobial agents. The present study is remarkable to include data on the isolation and identification, some virulence characteristics, antimicrobial resistance genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp., a significant foodborne pathogen, in chicken meat.