Evaluation of some biochemical parameters in cattle with foot and mouth disease and vaccinated with foot and mouth disease vaccine

In this study, it was aimed to determine cardiac enzyme activities [cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminothecenase AST)] and serum A, C and E vitamins levels in cows with foot-and-mouth disease. The study material consisted of 20 head cattle (patient group) who were diagnosed with foot-and-mouth diseases after general clinical examinations and 20 head cattle (vaccination group) with foot-and-mouth vaccination. After detailed clinical examinations (body temperature, heart and respiratory frequency and number of ruminal movements)on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 of the animals in the patient group, before vaccination from the animals in the vaccine group and on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days after the vaccination (Vaccine-1 group, Vaccine-2 group, Vaccine-3 group and Vaccine-4 group respectively), from V. jugularis according to the procedure for hematological and biochemical analyzes, and blood samples were taken. The type of foot-and-mouth disease was identified as ASIA 1 type. The Turvac-Oil screed vaccine, produced by the alum plant as a screed vaccine, was applied subcutaneously in 2 mL. Hematological examinations [total leukocyte count, erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, mean red blood cell volume (MCV), mean red blood cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean red blood cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and platelet count] were immediately analyzed in the diagnostic laboratory of the Fırat University Animal Hospital diagnostic laboratory and Cardiac enzyme activities (cTn-I, CK, MB, LDH, AST) in the diagnosis laboratory of Fırat University Hospital, using chemiluminescence method in cTn-I hormone analyzer with commercial test kits; CK, CK-MB, LDH and AST were analyzed immediately by spectrophotometric method in the autoanalyzer. Serum A, C and E vitamins and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined at the High Performance Liquid Chromatography Unit in the Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University. The mean values of all clinic parameters were statistically significantly different between the patient group and the other groups (P<0.05). These differences show that body temperature, heart and respiratory frequency are high in the patient group and that the number of rumen movement is significantly low. The difference between the mean values of hemoglobin, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH and thrombocyte counts was not significant (P>0.05), while the total leukocyte count was higher in the patient group than in the other groups. The difference between the patient group and the vaccine-1 group mean values was statistically significant (Control, Vaccine-2, Vaccine-3 and Vaccine-4 groups) was significant (P<0.05). The mean values of hematocrit value were statistically significant (P<0.05) between the patient group and the Vaccine-2 and Vaccine-3 groups, and the mean values of erythrocyte counts were significantly different only between the patient group and the Vaccine-2 group The mean value of MCHC is also significant (P<0.05) between the patient group and the vaccine-1 and vaccine-2 groups. Serum cTn-I and CK levels were found to be significantly higher (P<0.05) in the patient group than in the other groups, while LDH levels were significantly higher in the patient group than in the other groups in terms of mean values of serum AST and CK-MB enzyme activities group and vaccine-1, vaccine-3 and vaccine-4 groups, the difference between the groups was significant at P<0.05 level. Although the difference between the mean values of serum vitamin C levels was found to be statistically insignificant (P>0.05), the difference between the mean values of serum A and vitamin E levels was statistically significantly lower in the patient group than in the other groups (P<0.05). Serum MDA levels were found to be significantly higher than the mean values in the control group, Vaccine-1, Vaccine-2, Vaccine-3 and Vaccine-4 groups. In conclusion, it has been determined that foot-and-mouth disease affects clinical, hematological and cardiac enzyme activities, MDA and vitamins A, C and E significantly. It has been concluded that vaccination with A, C and E vitamins would be beneficial because vaccination is not statistically effective but all parameters are affected.