Possible regenerative effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in oleic acid-induced lung injury in rats

Acute lung injury and its advanced form, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), are important respiratory complications that are difficult to treat and have a high mortality rate. Although ARDS is frequently encountered in intensive care units, no substance or drug has been developed to treat pathological findings such as a neutrophilic alveolitis, hyaline membrane deposition and microthrombus formation. In this project, regeneration results of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, which have been known to provide cell and tissue regeneration for years, and stem cells-derived exosomes, which are investigated as a new therapeutic treatment method, in acute lung injury were demonstrated. Oleic acid administered to rats at a dose of 60 mg/kg administered via the tail vein produced significant lung damage as shown in figure 3. When histopathological analysis was performed, oleic acid caused significant bleeding, infiltration, edema and hyperplasia in the lung parenchyma tissue. According to the scoring of the histopathological image, damage parameters were 3 times more intense in the oleic acid group than in the control. Bone marrow stem cells in 1x106 numbers given from the tail vein 2 hours after acute lung injury resulted in a dramatic improvement in the parameters of bleeding, infiltration, edema and hyperplasia caused by oleic acid application. Serum total antioxidant capacity levels were evaluated by administering 1x106 number of exosomes released from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in acute lung injury induced by oleic acid (60 mg/kg) in rats. While oleic acid suppressed total antioxidant capacity as expected, exosome administration did not reverse this suppression. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis and Dunn-Sidak multiple comparison test was used for post-hoc test. In Dunn-Sidak multiple comparison test statistical evaluation, oleic acid damage compared to control group (***), bone marrow stem cell group compared to oleic acid group (&), bone marrow stem cell exosome group according to oleic acid group damage (#), and bone marrow stem cell group according to oleic acid group damage (#), The marrow stem cell group was found to be significant compared to the MSC-exosome group (a). ***, &, #, p<0.0001. a shows the result of p<0.05..