Effect of Gibco™ AmnioMAX™ - II Complete Medium treatment on the experimental renal ischemia reperfusion model created in rats

Introduction: Ischemia reperfusion injury is a life-threatening condition that occurs as a result of reduced or complete cessation of blood flow to the kidney in clinical conditions such as partial nephrectomy, renal transplantation and sepsis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Gibco™ AmnioMAX™ - II Complete Medium treatment, which has amniotic cell culture properties, on ischemia reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods: This experimental animal study was conducted with the approval of the Düzce University Animal Experiments Ethics Committee. In the study, 36 female Wistar-Albino rats, weighing 200-250 grams, aged 8-10 weeks, were used. The rats were divided into 4 groups. Group 1 (n=9) was determined as the sham group and only laparotomy was applied. Group 2 (n=9) was designed as the I/R group and reperfusion was applied after 45 minutes of ischemia by clamping only bilateral renal pedicles with the appropriate surgical procedure. Group 3 (n=9) received reperfusion after 45 minutes of ischemia and 1 hour after reperfusion, 1 cc of Gibco™ AmnioMAX™ - II Complete Medium was administered intraperitoneally and this group was called the treatment group. Group 4 (n=9) received 1 cc of Gibco™ AmnioMAX™ - II Complete Medium intraperitoneally 1 hour before ischemia and the ischemia was continued until the end of the treatment period. The reperfusion procedure was performed in the same way. Reperfusion was determined as 24 hours for all groups, and the subjects were sacrificed after 24 hours. Serum BUN, urea, and creatine levels were determined from blood samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Catalase (CAT), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), Glutathione (GSH), and Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) concentrations were determined biochemically from renal tissue sections. H&E and PAS stains were performed for histopathological examinations, and the EGTI scoring system was used. P<0.05 was considered significant in statistical analysis. Result: BUN, urea and creatinine values studied from serum samples were found to be higher in the I/R group compared to the sham group and significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the I/R group. TAS values were significantly lower in the I/R group compared to the control group. They were higher in the treatment and prophylaxis groups compared to the I/R group. TOS/OSI levels, in contrast to TAS levels,were found to be higher in the I/R group when the I/R group and the control group were compared. TOS/OSI levels in the treatment group were found to be lower in the I/R group. Mean values of GSH, SOD, GPx and CAT were found to be similarly lower in the I/R group compared to the sham group. However, they were found to be significantly higher in the treatment groups compared to the I/R group. MDA levels were found to be higher in the I/R group compared to the control group. No significant difference was found between the other groups. No significant difference was found between the NOS levels. In histopathological examinations, there was no significant difference between the EGTI scores of the right and left kidney tissues. In the right and left kidney sections, this score in the I/R group was higher than in the treatment, prophylaxis and control groups. When the prophylaxis and treatment groups were compared, only the GSH levels were found to be significantly higher in the treatment group among the biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Conclusion: In the renal I/R injury model created in rats, it was concluded that Gibco™ AmnioMAX™ - II Complete Medium treatment reduced tissue damage as a result of histopathological and biochemical studies. Keywords: Ischemia Reperfusion Injury, Gibco™ AmnioMAX™ - II Complete Medium, Amnion