Screening of K. pneumoniae in urinary tract infection by classic methods and impact on kidney and liver functions

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a significant public health concern for both hospitalized and out-of-hospital individuals. By using culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing for UTI bacterial isolates, the study was aimed at discovering K. pneumoniae, which is considered to be the second pathogen that causes UTIs, as well as its impact on the safety of liver and kidney functions. Between November 2022 and March 2023 in Baghdad, eighty urine and blood samples (from men and women ages 22 to 60) were collected from Al-Kindi Hospital. The samples were sent to the laboratory for general urine examination and urine culture in less than 30 minutes. The bacteria that were isolated from the urine culture were stored for future research on antibiotic susceptibility tests. Additionally, blood samples (GPT, GOT, ALP, and blood urea, serum creatinine, uric acid, and total protein) were obtained, utilized to separate serum, and stored in a sterile tube to estimate the level of liver and kidney functions. Following a general examination of the urine and the culture of the urine samples on different media, including blood agar and MacConkey, they are incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The urine sample isolates are then tested for antibiotic sensitivity, and it was determined that 80 patients had UTIs with K. pneumoniae. The antibiotic susceptibility of K. pneumoniae isolates against 15 of the commonly used antibiotics was determined through the disc-diffusion method. Based on this study, amikacin and meropenem were 100% effective against K. pneumoniae. Nitrofurantoin, Imipenem, Tetracycline, Doxycycline, and Ciprofloxacin were also very effective, with 95%, 85%, 85%, 80%, ii and 70%, respectively. Most K. pneumoniae isolates showed 100% resistance to some antibiotics, especially ampicillin, azithromycin, piperacillin, and azatreonam. Bacterial isolates were identified according to culture, microscope examination, biochemical characteristics, and antibiotic sensitivity test by disc diffusion. In terms of renal and liver function parameters, the study demonstrates that serum levels of uric acid and blood urea were elevated in the majority of patients who had contracted K. pneumoniae through UTI (7.074 ± 0.386) and (48.895 ± 3.513) when compared to the quality control group (p = < 0.001). The serum levels of GPT, GOT, and ALP, which evaluate liver function, were low in all patients (15.902±1.763), (25.093±2.280), and (89.918±10.194) when compared to the control group (p = 0.001).