The theological views of Sheikh Sediduddîn Mahmud bin Ali al-Hasan al-Himsî

Hımsî is recognized as an authority in the Shia Imamiya and is known as Hımsî or Homsî, attributed to the town of Rey in Syria. In his later years, he lived in Tehran, where he built a madrasa. Hımsî argued that the body is created and gains new features through changing states, and these changes are brought about by an agent. He used the concept of hudûs to prove the existence of God, evaluating beings based on whether they are necessary or contingent. Hımsî asserted that the body's formation could be random or deliberate, emphasizing that the organs of the human body are designed for specific purposes. He discussed the necessity of a cause to explain the differences among bodies, stating that a compulsory cause struggles to explain these differences, hence advocating for the existence of a willing entity. This willing entity, he argued, is not a body because it can determine and explain differences among bodies. When discussing God's will and its influence on human actions, Hımsî noted that it is necessary for people to act according to their will, but this will is not constrained by obstacles or displeasures. He also argued that God's power is eternal and infinite, but this power does not point to an attribute. Hımsî believed that the truth of prophets could be proven through miracles and criticized philosophers who evaluated prophethood based on social benefits. He emphasized the importance of the infallibility of prophets, stating that even minor sins are unacceptable. He declared that women and children could not be prophets. Hımsî noted that the miracles of prophets are extraordinary and inexplicable, distinguishing them from natural events and deceptions. He defined Imamate as religious leadership and general authority, explaining that the selection of an Imam must be confirmed solely through divine revelation or a miracle. He asserted that the infallibility of the Imam ensures honesty and justice in society by reducing the possibility of error in the leadership position.