Methods research for evaluation of the uniqueity of civil architectural examples: the sample of Malatya

Civil architectural structures are in the process of change and transformation in Malatya as in many parts of Anatolia. In this process, historical buildings are destroyed due to factors such as changing socio-cultural environment, technology and habits, and cannot respond to the needs and conditions of the period, or cultural heritage values continue to exist by being damaged as a result of interventions and practices such as repair, restoration and re-functioning. The changes taking place in historical buildings that contain these negative features are also seen in the examples of civil architecture in the urban area in Malatya. These changes cause the loss of some of the historical buildings completely and the loss of their authentic qualities for some of them. In the study prepared by addressing this problem, it is aimed to develop a method by using Fuzzy Logic and AHP system in order to evaluate the authenticity of the civil architectural examples located in the traditional texture pieces in Malatya and to protect these structures. With the authenticity evaluation model developed with a systematic fiction, it is aimed to determine the authenticity of the buildings numerically and proportionally, and this system is intended to be used comfortably in other buildings and areas. The method developed has been tested on Malatya traditional residences. The thesis consists of seven parts: In the first part, the general characteristics of the thesis are briefly mentioned and it is aimed to evaluate and analyze the contemporary architectural situations and uniqueness of traditional houses, which provide information about the socio-cultural environment and architecture of the period in which they were built, with a methodological model proposal. Then, the importance of the thesis in the relevant literature and other studies on the subject was mentioned. The general characteristics of the civil architecture examples studied within the scope of the thesis, the studies made on these examples and the findings obtained are briefly discussed in the first chapter and the data about the hypothesis and the literature related to the study are presented. In the second part of the thesis, information about the conceptual framework used in the process of creating the intended method is given. In this context, the concepts of cultural heritage, conservation and authenticity, which constitute the conceptual background of the thesis, are discussed within the scope of the historical development process and the studies on these concepts. In the third chapter, details of the methods used to analyze and evaluate the authenticity of civil architecture examples, which are shaped and changed according to the socio-cultural and physical norms of the period and constitute an important part of the cultural heritage, with quantitative data. In this context, firstly, by mentioning the cultural heritage authenticity evaluation criteria, information was given about the features of Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis methods used in the study. Fuzzy Logic, one of these methods, is a quantitative evaluation method that enables to create consistent and meaningful decisions by using definite and inflexible concepts. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is an evaluation method that enables the decision mechanism to work by determining the relative importance of decision criteria and alternatives when it comes to decision making in the face of complex problems. Using these methods, the application of the formation scheme of the evaluation model has been revealed in order to evaluate the authenticity of traditional houses. In the fourth part of the thesis, traditional Turkish house and Malatya traditional houses are examined in detail from many aspects. The history of traditional Turkish houses, the norms that were effective in the formation of these houses and the architectural qualities of the houses were revealed with the examinations made. On the other hand, detailed information was given about the plan and spatial features, facade features, material properties and construction techniques, which are the architectural features of Malatya traditional houses, which are traditional Turkish houses. In the fifth chapter, first of all, the geographical, physical and historical features of Malatya, which is the field of study, are mentioned. In this context, evaluated in terms of authenticity; Building catalogs have been created by taking the surveys of 33 buildings about the examples of civil architecture that form the traditional texture pieces in Malatya urban area. Afterwards, 9 traditional houses were selected from among the 20 traditional houses whose surveys were taken and whose building catalogs were concentrated in Yakınca Neighborhood of Yeşilyurt district of Malatya. The authenticity of these traditional dwellings was evaluated with the authenticity assessment model created using Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. In addition, the authenticity analyzes of 4 traditional houses, which are located in the center of Yeşilyurt district, among the 5 traditional houses whose surveys were taken and the building catalog was created, were made in the light of the developed model. Among the 8 traditional houses, which are an important part of the civil architectural identity in the city center of Malatya and which continue to exist today after the restoration works, whose surveys were taken and the building catalog was created, 4 traditional houses were analyzed and evaluated in the light of the authenticity evaluation model. The sixth part of the thesis consists of the evaluation and conclusion of the information and analyzes made in the other five chapters. The data obtained in this sense have shown that traditional residences in Yakınca Neighborhood t in Yeşilyurt district preserve their authenticity to a great extent. It has been observed that the traditional residences in Yeşilyurt district center are not as authentic as the traditional residences in Yakınca Neighborhood, but still preserve their authenticity well. Looking at the traditional houses in the city center of Malatya that have survived to the present day with various interventions, it is determined that these structures have lost their authenticity to a great extent. In this context, in the light of the field studies and the data obtained from the authenticity assessment model during the process, it has been revealed that every conscious or unconscious intervention applied to the structures greatly damages the authenticity. It has been understood that practices such as street rehabilitation, restoration, re-functioning and landscaping damage the authenticity of the buildings. From this point of view, about the originality assessment model developed by using Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis method for the subject of study and other field studies; Suggestions have been made regarding the operation systematic and setup such as originality criteria, value ranges, data rule table. In addition, as a result of the data, suggestions were made to preserve all civil architecture examples, especially the traditional houses in Malatya, with their original qualities. In the seventh part of the thesis, the sources used to create the conceptual framework and transfer the information about Malatya, which is the field of study, and to obtain the data used during the field studies are listed. As a result, it is thought that the thesis prepared will contribute with measurable data and evaluations for the preservation of civil architecture with its authentic qualities and its transfer to future generations. Keywords: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Fuzzy Logic, Traditional Malatya Houses, Cultural Heritage, Authenticity.