Research of antioxidant properties of some fungus spices produced in the liquid phase fermentation medium

In this study; it has been aimed to determine activities of total antioxidant, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenger, free radical scavenger and iron chelation antioxidant of ethanolic extractions of micelle forms of Coriolus versicolor, Pleurotus florida, Pleurotus eryngii, Pleurotus sajor-caju, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and Phanerochaete chrysosporium that we obtained from malt extract broth mediums and phenolic material amounts.While the highest amount of total phenolic compounds was found at C. versicolor as 5.78 mg/g, the lowest was 2.67 mg/g for A. bisporus. Total antioxidan activity of mushroom mycelia determined by linoleic acid system. The activity of ethanolic extracts of mushroom mycelia at 20 mg/mL concentration was ordered as C. versicolor (64.84%) > P. florida (62.12 %) > P. eryngii (60.68 %) > P. sajor-caju (58.81 %) > P. ostreatus (57.19 %) > A. bisporus (50.11 %) > P. chrysosporium (46.89 %). The reducing power activity of ethanolic extracts of mycelia at the 1.0-10.0 mg / mL concentration range was observed as 0.02 - 0.92. At 10 mg/mL concentration the reducing power activity of C. versicolor mycelia was detremined as 0.92 and the activity of A. bisporus and P. chrysosporium was determined as 0.02 at 1.0 mg/mL concentration. At superoxide anion radical scavenging activity the highest value was found from C. versicolor as 77.05 % and the lowest was as 38.24 % from P. chrysosporium. In the performed study C. versicolor exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activitiy. At 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/mL concentrations the activities were 24.26 %, 36.65 %, 60.17 % and 77.44 % respectively. At the test of chelating activities of iron ions the activity of mushroom mycelia and positive controls were sequenced as C. versicolor > P. sajor-caju > P. eryngii > P. ostreatus> P. florida> P. chrysosporium> A. bisporus > ?-tok > BHT > BHA > Trolox.It has been observed that at the all applied antioxidant activity tests in the parallel of increasing concentrations of mushroom mycelia ethanol extracts the antioxidant activity was rised. Additionally also at the all antioxidant avtivity tests C. versicolor showed the highest activity at the all applied antioxidant activity tests and it is followed by P. florida, P. eryngii, P. sajor-caju and P. ostreatus. A. bisporus and P. chrysosporium were showed the lowest activity values. It is assigned that there is a tight correlation between the antioxidant activity of ethanolic extracts of mushroom mycelia and amount of total phenolic compounds. C. versicolor which has the highest total phenolic compounds was showed the highest antioxidant activity, and the lowest phenolic compounds were determined at A. bisporus ve P. chrysosporium and they showed the weakest antioxidant activity.Keywords: Fungus, antioxidant activity, mycelia, Pleurotus species, total phenolics.