Appearing of history as a problem of philosophy and the role of the premises in the philosophical fictions of history

ABSTRACT Ancient Greek Philosophers discriminated "episteme" and "doxa" about knowledge. In this discrimination, since historical knowledge was within the boundaries of "doxa" history was accepted as a problem of philosophy. In the Middleage Philosophy, a consciousness of history appeared with Christianity, however this consciousness as based on theology. In this period, history was considered to be the place of the realisation of God's Will. For this reason, the historical explanations had always been theological. Ibn Haldun was the first philosopher who considered history as a problem of philosophy. However, he was not in line of the Western Philosophy. Because, Ibn Haldun was the first philosopher who took the history, for itself, as a reality specific to history itself. In line of the Western Philosophy, Vico was the first philosopher who made the discovery of Ibn Haldun. According to Vico, the structure of history and nature is very different from each other. For him. every existence knows only what it creates. God created nature and He knows it, but since man created history, he can know history. However, after the seventeenth century the philosophy of history has become a part of general philosophy and philosophers have also applied the premises of their philosophy to history. II