Investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and total phenolic and total flovonoid properties of various extracts of teucrium chamaedrys subsp. syspirense (K.Koch) Rech.F.

The positive effects of natural products on health have increasingly attracted attention, especially due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. syspirense (K.Koch) Rech.f. is a plant traditionally used in folk medicine and rich in biologically active compounds. In this study, the methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts of Teucrium chamaedrys subsp. syspirense, which grows in Antalya province, were investigated for their total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. According to the results obtained, the total phenolic content varied between 351.84 and 764.15 mg GAE/g, depending on the extract. Similarly, the ethanol extract showed the highest total flavonoid content at 2.81±0.01 mg QE/g, while the aqueous extract had the lowest value of 1.66 ± 0.02 mg QE/g. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with 88.05 ± 0.54% according to the ABTS method and 84.40 ± 0.32% according to the DPPH method. The methanol extract 85.18 ± 0.44% showed moderate activity, whereas the aqueous extract 78.18 ± 0.57% had the lowest antioxidant potential according to the ABTS assay. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the disk diffusion method. The ethanolic extract showed significant inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes (9.50±0.5 mm), Enterococcus faecalis (8.75±0.25 mm), Proteus mirabilis (7.25±0.25 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.50±0.25 mm) strains. The methanolic extract inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis (7.25±0.75 mm) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (6.75 ± 0.25 mm). In contrast, the aqueous extract showed no antimicrobial effect against any tested organisms. Additionally, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata strains were found to be resistant to all extracts.